The Roman Republic

Reading Guide: 
1. The geography helped the development of Rome because it was midway between the Alps and Italy's southern tip. This could make it easy for trade or travel between Italy and it was also at the midpoint of the Mediterranean which was helpful for the growth of plants and crops.

2. The Etruscans influenced the development of Rome because they were metalworkers and engineers. They boosted the system of writing, architecture and the use of the arch.

3. The three main groups who fought for power were patricians, plebeians, and tribunes.

4. The Twelve Tables established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of law.

5. The main cause was the conflict between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman Republic.

6. Scipio devised a plan that would force Hannibal to retreat.

7. Rome's victories in the Punic Wars gave it dominance over the Western Mediterranean.

Assessment: 
republic - a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives
patrician - an aristocrat or nobleman
plebeian - a commoner
tribune - an official in Ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests
consul - an official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect and promote the government's citizens and interests there
senate - the state council of the ancient Roman republic and empire, which shared legislative power with the popular assemblies, administration with the magistrates and judicial power with the knights
dictator - a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force
legion - a unit of 3,000 to 6,000 men in an Ancient Rome army
Punic Wars - a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC Hannibal - a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded Carthage's main army against Rome during the Second Punic War

2. I think that the most important event was the Punic Wars because it gave Rome dominance over the Western Mediterranean which spread out Rome significantly.

3. A consul's term was only one year long. The same person could not be elected again for ten years. Also, one consul could always overrule, or veto another's decisions.

4. The Twelve Tables established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of law.

5. Hannibal's attack was daring and different because he decided to surprise attack Rome and lost a lot of his men and elephants on the way.

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