The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization

Lo1:

  1. What was the situation in Athens in 508 BC? 
    Pandemonium roamed the streets. This caused ordinary citizens turned on their leaders in search of freedom and escaping repression.


  1. What class did Cleisthenes come from and what kind of power did this group exercise over Athenians? 
    Cleisthenes was an aristocrat, the social class that ruled Athens. He was brought up to be a ruler.

  1. How did Aristotle describe life for most Athenians in the 6th century BC? 
    The country was ruled by a few people and normal people had no say in the decisions regarding their society.
 
  1. Where were the great civilizations in Cleisthenes day and how was Greece geographically different than these? 
    Greece was divided into different city-states. It had many mountains and small islands.


  1. What Greek city seemed the most likely to dominate all others politically during Cleisthenes lifetime? 
    Sparta seemed the most likely to dominate all others politically. Soldiers were raised in their society of discipline and little comfort.

  1. What specific stories inspired Cleisthenes and his fellow Greeks? 
    Ancient tales and myths were told by word of mouth. Specifically, the Odyssey by Homer, which included heroes and struggles.

  1. Describe Arete, the Greek ideal or vision of a hero. 
    Cleisthenes grew up to be like him. He found his glory through strength and valor. He showed that in order to be a true hero, you had to seize power for yourself.

  1. What surprising political move did the ruler Pisistratus make in order to consolidate power in Athens? 
    Pisistratus turned to the commoners for support instead of the elite. He lowered taxes and introduced free loans so that people could enhance their farms.

  1. What was Athens' most valuable trading commodity? 
    Olives for oil, moisturizer and soap.

  1. What Athenian product that was almost worthless at the time now commonly fetches millions of dollars on the Antiquities market? What were the artisans who made these products main motivation in doing such good work? 
    The vase was a product that was useless back then but now commonly fetches millions of dollars on the antique markets. Their motivation was out doing the other artists who made vases.

  1. How was Hippias a different ruler than his father Pisistratus? What did he do to his father's reforms? 


  1. What did Cleisthenes do in 510 BC? How was Greek society in Athens changing at this time? 


  1. How had the Olympics changed from their founding to the days of Cleisthenes and how did this festival influence ordinary Greeks? 
    During the founding days, only the wealthy could participate. When Cleisthenes was alive, anyone could participate.

  1. Who did Isagoras turn to in 508 BC to help him overthrow Cleisthenes? 
    He turned to the Spartans to overthrow Cleisthenes.

  1. What happened in Athens while Cleisthenes was in exile? What did this do for Cleisthenes? 
    The people of Athens caused an uprising. Cleisthenes had to rebuild the government when he returned from his exile.

  1. What did Cleisthenes carve out from the hillside that was near the Acropolis and why did he do this? What was this the beginning of?









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