Democracy and Greece's Golden Age

Chapter 5 Section 3 Reading Guide: 
1. To strengthen the democracy, he increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries. This means that any Athenian, rich or poor, could serve in office if elected or chosen by lot.

2. To strengthen the empire, he took all of the money from the Delian League to make the Athenian Navy the strongest in the Mediterranean. To glorify Athens, he persuaded the Athenian assembly to vote high sums of money to buy gold, ivory, and marble to beatify Athens.

3. Common themes in tragedies were love, hate, war, and betrayal.

4. The fact that Athenians could listen to criticism about themselves showed the freedom and openness of public discussion that existed in democratic Athens.

5. In his ideal society, people would fall under the three categories of farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class. Each category would have a philosopher-king. The person with the greatest insight and intellect from the ruling class would be the philosopher-king.

6. His work of arguing according to rules of logic lead to the basis of the scientific method today.

B. As Athens grew, other city states began to view it with hostility, especially Sparta. As a result of the war, Athens lost its empire, power and wealth.

Assessment: 
direct democracy- a government in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives
classical art - the art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which harmony, order, and proportion, were emphasized
tragedy - a serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character
comedy - a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire
Peloponnesian War - a war, lasting from 431 BC to 404 BC, in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies
philosopher - a thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality
Socrates - a Sophist philosopher
Plato - a student of Socrates
Aristotle - a philosopher who built the basis for the scientific method

2. I think that Pericles' goal to build a better democracy has the biggest impact on the modern world because most places that we live have a democracy and we had to follow the example of those who have come before us.

3. To strengthen the democracy in Athens, he allowed rich or poor citizens to participate in office as long as they were elected.

4. Athens planned on destroying the city-state of Syracuse. Sparta weakened the Athenian army for nine years before their victory.

5. I think that they found the ideas of Socrates so disturbing because no one had ever tried to think like he did before and they weren't used to his way of thinking.



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